Adjudication
The Administrative Procedure Act defines "adjudication" broadly as any agency process that results in a final disposition that is not a "rule." However, most people use the term in a narrower sense to mean "a decision by government officials through an administrative process to resolve a claim or dispute between a private party and the government or between two private parties arising out of a government program." Federal agencies adjudicate many matters, ranging from applications for benefits, licenses, grants, and intellectual property protections to the imposition of sanctions on individuals and businesses for violating the law.
ACUS has adopted dozens of recommendations and produced many other resources to help the federal government manage agency adjudication. ACUS also tracks and publishes Updates in Federal Agency Adjudication each month. Select a category below to access individual recommendations, reports, and other resources.
Adjudication (Generally)
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2024-3, Senate-Confirmed Officials and Administrative Adjudication
- Recommendation 2023-5, Best Practices for Adjudication Not Involving an Evidentiary Hearing
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
Model Rules
- Model Adjudication Rules (rev. 2018)
Publications and Reports
- Updates in Federal Agency Adjudication (monthly resource)
- Michael Asimow, Fair Procedure in Informal Adjudication (2023)
- Michael Asimow, Federal Administrative Adjudication Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (2019)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Morell E. Mullins, Manual for Administrative Law Judges (3d ed. 1993)
Databases
- Federal Administrative Adjudication Database (2013)
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Matthew Lee Wiener, General Rules for Agency Adjudications? (Oct. 29, 2018)
Forums and Workshops
- Symposium on Federal Agency Adjudication (August 2020)
- Forum on Federal Administrative Adjudication (Sep. 29, 2017)
Adjudicators
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2020-5, Publication of Policies Governing Agency Adjudicators
- Recommendation 2019-6, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age
- Recommendation 2019-2, Agency Recruitment and Selection of Administrative Law Judges
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 2018-4, Recusal Rules for Administrative Adjudicators
- Recommendation 92-7, The Federal Administrative Judiciary
- Recommendation 69-9, Recruitment and Selection of Hearing Examiners; Continuing Training for Government Attorneys and Hearing Examiners; Creation of a Center for Continuing Legal Education in Government
Publications and Reports
- Leigh Anne Schriever, Public Availability of Information About Adjudicators (Nov. 23, 2020)
- Louis J. Virelli III, Administrative Recusal Rules: A Taxonomy and Study of Existing Recusal Standards for Agency Adjudicators (May 14, 2020)
- Jeremy S. Graboyes, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age (Oct. 31, 2019)
- Jack M. Beermann & Jennifer L. Mascott, Research Report on Federal Agency ALJ Hiring After Lucia and Executive Order 13843 (May 29, 2019)
- Louis J. Virelli III, Recusal Rules for Administrative Adjudicators (Nov. 30, 2018)
- Kent Barnett, Logan Cornett, Malia Reddick & Russell Wheeler, Non-ALJ Adjudicators in Federal Agencies: Status, Selection, Oversight, and Removal (Sep. 24, 2018)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Matthew Lee Wiener, Gretchen Jacobs & Emily S. Bremer, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Evaluating the Status and Placement of Adjudicators in the Federal Sector Hearing Program (Mar. 31, 2014)
- John H. Frye, III, Survey of Non-ALJ Hearing Programs in the Federal Government (Aug. 1991)
- Victor G. Rosenbloom, Contexts and Contents of “For Good Cause” as Criterion for Removal of Administrative Law Judges: Legal and Policy Factors (1984)
- Robert E. Park, Report of the Committee on Personnel in Support of Recommendation No. 17 (Recruitment and Selection of Hearing Examiners; Continuing Training for Government Attorneys and Hearing Examiners; Creation of a Center for Continuing Legal Education in Government) (1969)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-004, Recusal Rules for Agency Adjudicators (Mar. 2020)
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Leigh Anne Schriever, Publication of Policies Governing Agency Adjudicators (May 25, 2021) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
- Jack Beermann, The Future of Administrative Law Judge Selection (Oct. 31, 2019) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
- Louis J. Virelli III, Recusal Rules for Administrative Adjudicators (June 4, 2019) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
Agency Structure
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 91-8, Adjudication of Civil Penalties Under the Federal Aviation Act
- Recommendation 90-1, Civil Money Penalties for Federal Aviation Violations
- Recommendation 86-4, The Split-Enforcement Model for Agency Adjudication
Publications and Reports
- Matthew Lee Wiener, Gretchen Jacobs & Emily S. Bremer, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Evaluating the Status and Placement of Adjudicators in the Federal Sector Hearing Program (Mar. 31, 2014)
- Henry H. Perritt, Jr., Adjudication of Civil Penalties Under the Federal Aviation Act (1991)
- Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Enforcing Aviation Safety Regulations: The Case for a Split-Enforcement Model of Agency Adjudication, 4 Admin. L.J. 389 (1991)
- George Robert Johnson, Jr., The Split-Enforcement Model: Some Conclusions from the OSHA and MSHA Experiences, 39 Admin. L. Rev. 315 (1987)
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 95-6, ADR Confidentiality and the Freedom of Information Act
- Recommendation 88-11, Encouraging Settlements by Protecting Mediator Confidentiality
- Statement #13: Dispute Resolution Procedure in Reparations and Similar Cases
- Recommendation 88-5, Agency Use of Settlement Judges
- Recommendation 87-5, Arbitration in Federal Programs
- Recommendation 86-8, Acquiring the Services of “Neutrals” for Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution
- Recommendation 86-3, Agencies’ Use of Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution
Model Rules
- Model Adjudication Rules (rev. 2018)
Publications and Reports
- Kristen Blankley, Kathleen Claussen & Judith Starr, Alternative Dispute Resolution in Agency Administrative Programs (Dec. 17, 2021)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Mark H. Grunewald, The Freedom of Information Act and Confidentiality Under the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act (1995)
- Philip J. Harter, Neither Cop Nor Collection Agent: Encouraging Administrative Settlements by Ensuring Mediator Confidentiality (Nov. 15, 1988)
- Marianne K. Smythe, The Reparations Program of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Reducing Formality in Agency Adjudication, 2 Admin. L.J. 39 (1988)
- Daniel Joseph & Michelle L. Gilbert, Breaking the Settlement Ice: The Use of Settlement Judges in Administrative Proceedings (May 20, 1988)
- Harold H. Bruff, The Constitutionality of Arbitration in Federal Programs (May 27, 1987)
- Philip J. Harter, Points on a Continuum: Dispute Resolution Procedures and the Administrative Process (June 5, 1986)
- George D. Ruttinger, Acquiring the Services of Neutrals for Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution and Negotiated Rulemaking (Nov. 19, 1986)
Roundtables and Working Groups
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-018, Administrative Dispute Resolution Act Basics (December 2021)
Appellate Review
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2022-4, Precedential Decision Making in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2020-3, Agency Appellate Systems
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 90-4, Social Security Disability Program Appeals Process: Supplementary Recommendation
- Recommendation 87-7, A New Role for the Social Security Appeals Council
- Recommendation 86-5, Medicare Appeals
- Recommendation 83-3, Agency Structures for Review of Decisions of Presiding Officers Under the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 71-1, Interlocutory Appeal Procedures
- Recommendation 68-6, Delegation of Final Decisional Authority Subject to Discretionary Review by the Agency
Model Rules
- Model Adjudication Rules (rev. 2018)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-010, Agency Appellate Systems: Standards of Review for Factual Findings
Publications and Reports
- Christopher J. Walker, Melissa Wasserman & Matthew Lee Wiener, Precedential Decision Making in Agency Adjudication (Dec. 6, 2022)
- Christopher J. Walker & Matthew Lee Wiener, Agency Appellate Systems (Dec. 14, 2020)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Frank S. Bloch, Report and Recommendations on the Social Security Administration’s Administrative Appeals Process (1990)
- Ronald A. Cass, Agency Review of Administrative Law Judges’ Decisions (1983)
- Charles H. Koch, Jr. & David A. Koplow, The Fourth Bite at the Apple: A Study of the Operation and Utility of the Social Security Administration’s Appeals Council (Jan. 28, 1988)
- Eleanor D. Kinney, The Medicare Appeals System for Coverage and Payment Disputes: Achieving Fairness in a Time of Constraint, 1 Admin. L.J. 1 (1987)
- Ernest Gellhorn & Paul B. Larsen, Interlocutory Appeal Procedures in Administrative Hearings, 70 Mich. L. Rev. 109 (1971)
- James O. Freedman, Report of the Committee on Agency Organization and Procedure in Support of Intermediate Appellate Boards (1968)
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Christopher J. Walker & Matthew L. Wiener, Improving Models for Agency Appellate Review (June 3, 2021) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
Case Management
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2023-7, Improving Timeliness in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2021-10, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2018-3, Electronic Case Management in Federal Administrative Adjudication
- Recommendation 86-7, Case Management as a Tool for Improving Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 78-3, Time Limits on Agency Actions
- Recommendation 73-3, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation
Publications and Reports
- Jeremy S. Graboyes & Jennifer L. Selin, Improving Timeliness in Agency Adjudication (Dec. 11, 2023)
- Daniel E. Ho, David Marcus & Gerald K. Ray, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication: Emerging Practices and Insights (Nov. 30, 2021)
- Felix F. Bajandas & Gerald K. Ray, Implementation and Use of Electronic Case Management Systems in Federal Agency Adjudication (May 23, 2018)
- Charles Pou, Jr. & Charlotte Jones, Agency Time Limits as a Tool for Reducing Regulatory Delay (1986)
- Richard B. Cappalli, Model for Case Management: The Grant Appeals Board (1986)
- Edward A. Tomlinson, Report on the Experience of Various Agencies with Statutory Time Limits Application to Licensing or Clearance Functions and to Rulemaking (1978)
- Jerry L. Mashaw, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation (1973)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-034, Electronic Case Systems in Agency Adjudication
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Felix Bajandas & Gavin Young, Electronic Case Management Can Improve Adjudication (Nov. 1, 2018) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
Civil Monetary Penalties
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 93-1, Use of APA Formal Procedures in Civil Money Penalty Proceedings
- Recommendation 91-8, Adjudication of Civil Penalties Under the Federal Aviation Act
- Recommendation 90-1, Civil Money Penalties for Federal Aviation Violations
- Recommendation 79-3, Agency Assessment and Mitigation of Civil Money Penalties
- Recommendation 72-6, Civil Money Penalties as a Sanction
Publications and Reports
- William Funk, Close Enough for Government Work?—Using Informal Procedures for Imposing Administrative Penalties, 24 Seton Hall L. Rev. 1 (1993)
- Henry H. Perritt, Jr., Adjudication of Civil Penalties Under the Federal Aviation Act (1991)
- Colin S. Diver, The Assessment and Mitigation of Civil Money Penalties by Federal Administrative Agencies, 79 Colum. L. Rev. 1435 (1979)
- Harvey J. Goldschmid, An Evaluation of the Present and Potential Use of Civil Money Penalties by Federal Administrative Agencies (1972)
Data Collection and Analysis
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2021-10, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2018-3, Electronic Case Management in Federal Administrative Adjudication
- Recommendation 2013-1, Improving Consistency in Social Security Disability Adjudications
- Recommendation 86-7, Case Management as a Tool for Improving Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 73-3, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation
- Recommendation 69-6, Compilation of Statistics on Administrative Proceedings by Federal Departments and Agencies
Publications and Reports
- Daniel E. Ho, David Marcus & Gerald K. Ray, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication: Emerging Practices and Insights (Nov. 30, 2021)
- Felix F. Bajandas & Gerald K. Ray, Implementation and Use of Electronic Case Management Systems in Federal Agency Adjudication (May 23, 2018)
- Gretchen Jacobs, Funmi Olorunnipa & Amber Williams, SSA Disability Benefits Adjudication Process: Assessing the Impact of the Region I Pilot Program (Dec. 23, 2013)
- Harold J. Krent & Scott Morris, Achieving Greater Consistency in Social Security Disability Adjudication: An Empirical Study and Suggested Reforms (Apr. 3, 2013)
- Charles Pou, Jr. & Charlotte Jones, Agency Time Limits as a Tool for Reducing Regulatory Delay (1986)
- Richard B. Cappalli, Model for Case Management: The Grant Appeals Board (1986)
- Jerry L. Mashaw, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation (1973)
- Report of the Committee on Licenses and Authorizations in Support of Recommendation No. 14 (Compilation of Statistics on Administrative Proceedings by Federal Departments and Agencies) (1969)
Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA)
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2019-4, Revised Model Rules for Implementation of the Equal Access to Justice Act
- Recommendation 92-5, Streamlining Attorney’s Fee Litigation Under the Equal Access to Justice Act
Model Rules
- Revised Model Rules for Implementation of the Equal Access to Justice Act (rev. 2019)
Publications and Research Reports
- Harold J. Krent, Monitoring the Federal Government’s Conduct Through Fee Shifting Under the Equal Access to Justice Act: An Inconclusive Experiment (1992)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-013, Equal Access to Justice Act Basics (April 2021)
Resources and Databases
Evidentiary Rules
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2019-6, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 86-2, Use of Federal Rules of Evidence in Federal Agency Adjudications
- Recommendation 83-4, The Use of the Freedom of Information Act for Discovery Purposes
- Recommendation 70-4, Discovery in Agency Adjudication
Model Rules
- Model Adjudication Rules (rev. 2018)
Publications and Reports
- Jeremy S. Graboyes, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age (Oct. 31, 2019)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Richard J. Pierce, Jr., Use of the Federal Rules of Evidence in Federal Agency Adjudications, 39 Admin. L. Rev. 1 (1987)
- Edward A. Tomlinson, Use of the Freedom of Information Act for Discovery Purposes (1983)
- Edward A. Tomlinson, Discovery in Agency Adjudication, 1971 Duke L.J. 89 (1971)
Licensing
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 75-1, Licensing Decisions of the Federal Banking Agencies
- Recommendation 73-6, Procedures for Resolution of Environmental Issues in Licensing Proceedings
- Recommendation 69-7, Consideration of Alternatives in Licensing Procedures
Publications and Reports
- Kenneth E. Scott, In Quest of Reason: The Licensing Decisions of the Federal Banking Agencies, 42 U. Chi. L. Rev. 235 (1975)
- Arthur W. Murphy, The National Environmental Policy Act and the Licensing Process: Environmentalist Magna Carta or Agency Coup de Grace? (1973)
- Report of the Committee on Licenses and Authorizations in Support of Recommendation No. 15 (Consideration of Alternatives in Licensing Procedures) (1969)
Procedural Rules
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2023-5, Best Practices for Adjudication Not Involving an Evidentiary Hearing
- Recommendation 2019-6, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 2016-2, Aggregation of Similar Claims in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2015-3, Declaratory Orders
- Recommendation 83-4, The Use of the Freedom of Information Act for Discovery Purposes
- Recommendation 74-1, Subpoena Power in Formal Rulemaking and Formal Adjudication
- Recommendation 71-1, Interlocutory Appeal Procedures
- Recommendation 70-4, Discovery in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 70-3, Summary Decision in Agency Adjudication
Model Rules
- Model Adjudication Rules (rev. 2018)
Publications and Reports
- Michael Asimow, Fair Procedure in Informal Adjudication (2023)
- Jeremy S. Graboyes, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age (Oct. 31, 2019)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Michael Sant’Ambrogio & Adam Zimmerman, Aggregate Agency Adjudication (June 9, 2016)
- Emily S. Bremer, Declaratory Orders (Oct. 30, 2015)
- Edward A. Tomlinson, Use of the Freedom of Information Act for Discovery Purposes (1983)
- Richard K. Berg, Subpoena Powers in Formal Agency Proceedings (1974)
- Ernest Gellhorn & Paul B. Larsen, Interlocutory Appeal Procedures in Administrative Hearings, 70 Mich. L. Rev. 109 (1971)
- Ernest Gellhorn & William F. Robinson, Jr., Summary Judgment in Administrative Adjudication, 84 Harv. L. Rev. 612 (1971)
- Edward A. Tomlinson, Discovery in Agency Adjudication, 1971 Duke L.J. 89 (1971)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-029, Procedural Rules for Agency Adjudication
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Matthew Lee Wiener, General Rules for Agency Adjudications? (Oct. 29, 2018)
Current Projects
Public Availability of Information and Records
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2022-6, Public Availability of Settlement Agreements in Agency Enforcement Proceedings
- Recommendation 2021-6, Public Access to Agency Adjudicative Proceedings
- Recommendation 2020-5, Publication of Policies Governing Agency Adjudicators
- Recommendation 2018-5, Public Availability of Adjudication Rules
- Recommendation 2017-1, Adjudication Materials on Agency Websites
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 89-8, Agency Practices and Procedures for the Indexing and Public Availability of Adjudicatory Decisions
- Recommendation 72-1, Broadcast of Agency Proceedings
- Recommendation 69-6, Compilation of Statistics on Administrative Proceedings by Federal Departments and Agencies
Publications and Reports
- Elysa Dishman, Public Availability of Settlement Agreements in Agency Enforcement Proceedings (Nov. 29, 2022)
- Jeremy Graboyes & Mark Thomson, Public Access to Agency Adjudicative Proceedings (Nov. 22, 2021)
- Leigh Anne Schriever, Public Availability of Information About Adjudicators (Nov. 23, 2020)
- Todd Phillips, Public Availability of Adjudication Rules (Sep. 28, 2018)
- Daniel J. Sheffner, Adjudication Materials on Agency Websites (Apr. 10, 2017)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Margaret Gilhooley, The Availability of Decisions and Precedents in Agency Adjudications: The Impact of the Freedom of Information Act Publication Requirements (1989)
- Robert W. Bennett, Broadcast Coverage of Administrative Proceedings, 67 Nw. U. L. Rev. 528 (1972)
- Report of the Committee on Licenses and Authorizations in Support of Recommendation No. 14 (Compilation of Statistics on Administrative Proceedings by Federal Departments and Agencies) (1969)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-032, Public Availability of Adjudication Materials
News Releases and Blog Posts
- Leigh Anne Schriever, Publication of Policies Governing Agency Adjudicators (May 25, 2021) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
- Aaron L. Nielson, Accessing Agency Procedure (May 31, 2019) (originally published on The Regulatory Review)
Public Participation
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2021-6, Public Access to Agency Adjudicative Proceedings
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 72-1, Broadcast of Agency Proceedings
- Recommendation 71-6, Public Participation in Administrative Hearings
Reports and Publications
- Jeremy Graboyes & Mark Thomson, Public Access to Agency Adjudicative Proceedings (Nov. 22, 2021)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Robert W. Bennett, Broadcast Coverage of Administrative Proceedings, 67 Nw. U. L. Rev. 528 (1972)
- Roger C. Cramton, The Why, Where and How of Broadened Public Participation in the Administrative Process, 60 Geo. L. J. 525 (1971)
Current Projects
Quality Assurance
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2021-10, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2018-3, Electronic Case Management in Federal Administrative Adjudication
- Recommendation 86-7, Case Management as a Tool for Improving Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 73-3, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation
Publications and Reports
- Daniel E. Ho, David Marcus & Gerald K. Ray, Quality Assurance Systems in Agency Adjudication (Nov. 30, 2021)
- Jerry L. Mashaw, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation (1978)
Recusal and Disqualification
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2018-4, Recusal Rules for Administrative Adjudicators
Publications and Reports
- Louis J. Virelli III, Administrative Recusal Rules: A Taxonomy and Study of Existing Recusal Standards for Agency Adjudicators (May 14, 2020)
- Louis J. Virelli III, Recusal Rules for Administrative Adjudicators (Nov. 30, 2018)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-004, Recusal Rules for Agency Adjudicators (Mar. 2020)
Representation
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2021-9, Regulation of Representatives in Agency Adjudicative Proceedings
- Recommendation 2016-6, Self-Represented Parties in Administrative Proceedings
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Statement #16: Right to Consult with Counsel in Agency Investigations (1993)
- Recommendation 86-1, Nonlawyer Assistance and Representation
- Statement #8: Statement of the Administrative Conference on Discipline of Attorneys Practicing Before Federal Agencies (1982)
Publications and Reports
- George M. Cohen, Regulation of Representatives in Agency Adjudicative Proceedings (Dec. 3, 2021)
- Connie Vogelmann, Self-Represented Parties in Administrative Hearings (Oct. 28, 2016)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Zona Fairbanks Hostetler, Nonlawyer Assistance to Individuals in Federal Mass Justice Agencies: The Need for Improved Guidelines, 2 Admin. L.J. 85 (1988)
- Michael P. Cox, Regulation of Attorneys Practicing Before Federal Agencies (1982)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-021, Regulation of Representatives in Agency Adjudicative Proceedings
Forums and Workshops
- Assisting Parties in Federal Administrative Adjudication (2022-2023)
Working Groups
- Working Group on Model Rules of Representative Conduct
- Working Group on Self-Represented Parties in Administrative Hearings
Technology
Assembly Recommendations
- Recommendation 2023-4, Online Processes in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2021-4, Virtual Hearings in Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 2019-6, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age
- Recommendation 2018-3, Electronic Case Management in Federal Administrative Adjudication
- Recommendation 2016-4, Evidentiary Hearings Not Required by the Administrative Procedure Act
- Recommendation 2014-7, Best Practices for Using Video Teleconferencing for Hearings
- Recommendation 2011-4, Agency Use of Video Hearings: Best Practices and Possibilities for Expansion
- Recommendation 86-7, Case Management as a Tool for Improving Agency Adjudication
- Recommendation 73-3, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation
- Recommendation 72-1, Broadcast of Agency Proceedings
Publications and Reports
- Matthew A. Gluth, Online Processes in Agency Adjudication (May 24, 2023)
- Fredric I. Lederer & the Center for Legal and Court Technology, Analysis of Administrative Agency Adjudicatory Hearing Use of Remote Appearances and Virtual Hearings (June 3, 2021)
- Jeremy S. Graboyes, Legal Considerations for Remote Hearings in Agency Adjudications (June 16, 2020)
- Jeremy S. Graboyes, Independent Research by Agency Adjudicators in the Internet Age (Oct. 31, 2019)
- Felix F. Bajandas & Gerald K. Ray, Implementation and Use of Electronic Case Management Systems in Federal Agency Adjudication (May 23, 2018)
- Michael Asimow, Evidentiary Hearings Outside the Administrative Procedure Act (Nov. 10, 2016)
- Martin E. Gruen & Christine R. Williams, Handbook on Best Practices for Using Video Teleconferencing in Adjudicatory Hearings (Dec. 22, 2015)
- Nathaniel Flanders & Amber Williams, Memorandum on the History of Agency Video Teleconferencing Adjudications (Nov. 26, 2014)
- Center for Legal & Court Technology, Best Practices for Using Video Teleconferencing for Hearings and Related Proceedings (Nov. 3, 2014)
- Funmi E. Olorunnipa, Agency Use of Video Hearings: Best Practices and Possibilities for Expansion (May 10, 2011)
- Richard B. Cappalli, Model for Case Management: The Grant Appeals Board (1986)
- Jerry L. Mashaw, Quality Assurance Systems in the Adjudication of Claims of Entitlement to Benefits or Compensation (1973)
- Robert W. Bennett, Broadcast Coverage of Administrative Proceedings, 67 Nw. U. L. Rev. 528 (1972)
Information Interchange Bulletins
- IIB-034, Electronic Case Management in Agency Adjudication
- IIB-020, Virtual Hearings in Agency Adjudication